Digital circuit Lab Manual

                                            MULTIPLEXER

AIM:

        To construct and verify the operation of multiplexer circuit using logic

         gates.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.NO	COMPONENTS	RANGE	QUANTITY
1	Digital Trainer Kit		1
2	IC 7404		1
3	IC 7408		1
4	IC 7432		1
5	Connecting wires		As required

         

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

    4-to-1 Multiplexer

 

Logic diagram

PROCEDURE:

  1. Circuit connections are given as per the circuit diagram.

  2. The +5V DC power supply is properly connected to Vcc and GND

       pins(14 & 7) of each IC.

  3. Logical input conditions are given as per the Function Table.

  4. Logical outputs are observed and verified.

RESULT:

    

  Thus the Multiplexer circuit is constructed and the output is verified using the Function Table.

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SHIFT REGISTER

AIM:

         To construct and verify the operation of a 4 bit serial in parallel out shift register.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.NO	COMPONENTS	RANGE	QUANTITY
1	Digital Trainer Kit		1
2	IC 7474		2
3	Connecting wires		As required

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

            4 bit Serial in Parallel out shift register

Truth Table:

            

Clock	Serial i/p	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
0 1 2 3 4	0       1       0       1       0	0 1 0 1 0	0 0 1 0 1	0 0 0 1 0	0 0 0 0 1

PROCEDURE:

1. Circuit connections are given as per the circuit diagram.

2. The +5V DC power supply is properly connected to Vcc and GND pins

   (14 & 7) of each IC.

3. The pulse generator is connected to CLK inputs of all the Flip Flops.

4. The data input (1010)to verify the truth table is given to D input of the

     Flip Flop and clock pulse is given.

5. The outputs are verified from the ON or OFF condition of the LED.

RESULT:

    Thus the 4 bit serial in parallel out Shift Register circuit is constructed and the output is verified using the Truth Table.

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Digital Lab Manual

 Half adder and Full adder

AIM:

         To construct and verify the operation of Half adder and Full adder using logic gates.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.NO	COMPONENTS	RANGE	QUANTITY
1	Digital Trainer Kit		1
2	IC 7486		1
3	IC 7408		1
4	IC 7432		1
5	Connecting wires		As required

  

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Half Adder:

 

Full Adder:

TRUTH TABLE:

Half Adder

X	Y	S	C
0 0 1 1	0 1 0 1	0 1 1 0	0 0 0 1

          

         Full Adder

X	Y	Z	S	C
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1	0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1	0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1	0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1	0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1

PROCEDURE:

  1. Circuit connections are given as per the circuit diagram.

  2. The +5V DC power supply is properly connected to Vcc and GND pins

      (14 & 7) of each IC.

  3. Logical input conditions are given as per the Truth Table.

  4 .Logical outputs are observed and verified.

RESULT:

                Thus the Half Adder and Full Adder circuit is constructed and the output is verified using the Truth Table.

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ENCODER AND DECODER

AIM:

          To construct and verify the operation of Encoder and Decoder using logic gates.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.NO	COMPONENTS	RANGE	QUANTITY
1	Digital Trainer Kit		1
2	IC 7404		1
3	IC 7408		1
4	IC 7432		1
5	Connecting wires		As required

         

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

3-to-8 line DECODER

 

Octal to Binary ENCODER

Expression:

PROCEDURE:

  1. Circuit connections are given as per the circuit diagram.

  2. The +5V DC power supply is properly connected to Vcc and GND

       pins(14 & 7) of each IC.

  3. Logical input conditions are given as per the Truth Table.

  4. Logical outputs are observed and verified.

RESULT:

                  Thus the Encoder and Decoder circuit is constructed and the output is verified using the truth Table.

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Patient monitoring circuit

   

Patient MONITORING SYSTEM (AT89C2051 + TX/RX) In spite of the improvement of communication link and despite all progress in advanced communication technologies, there are still very few functioning commercial wireless monitoring systems, which are most off-line, and there are still a number of issues to deal with. Therefore, there is a strong need for investigating the possibility of design and implementation of an interactive real-time wireless communication system. In our project, a generic real-time wireless communication system was designed and developed for short and long term remote patient-monitoring applying wireless protocol. The primary function of this system is to monitor the temperature and Heart Beat of the Patient and the Data collected by the sensors are sent to the Microcontroller. The Microcontroller transmits the data over the air. At the receiving end a receiver is used to receive the data and it is decoded and fed to Microcontroller, which is then displayed over the LCD display. If there is a dangerous change in patient's status an alarm is also sounded.

Heart rate monitor circuit

Description

The schematic is fairly straightforward. The circuit uses a single IC, a MAX4169 quad opamp. The magnetic pickup (L1) is a ferrite core "cotton-reel" style inductor which also functions, with capacitors (C1A-C), as a 5kHz resonator to provide some front end bandpass filtering. The signal is then further amplified, and bandpass filtered, with three opamp stages (IC1D, IC1C, and IC1B). At this point the signal is rectified with diode (D1), and capacitor (C8) then functions as a negative peak detector (storing the peak negative signal value). The bleed resistor (R8) allows the stored peak negative voltage to slowly decay, and resistor (R7) provides current limiting for the opamp (IC1B). The final opamp stage (IC1A) level shifts the signal and multiplies it by two, so that the final output signal can use the full range of the power supply. Resistor (R11) provides current limiting for opamp (IC1A) in the event of a short circuit in the interconnecting cable. The power supply section, which expects a 5V input, first provides reverse voltage protection with diode (D2), and then performs ample filtering so that the circuit can share a common 5V power source along with a digital microcontroller. The power supply section also uses a simple voltage divider (R12 and R13), to provide a signal ground (SGND) at a level halfway between (V+) and (V-). This simple voltage divider works fine since the rest of the circuit makes only high impedance connections to (SGND).

Electronic Stethoscope

Description

Part	Total Qty.
R1	1	10K 1/4W Resistor
R2	1	2.2K 1/4W Resistor
R3, R9	0	Not used
R4	1	47K 1/4W Resistor
R5, R6, R7	3	33K 1/4W Resistor
R8	1	56K 1/4W Resistor
R10	1	4.7K 1/4W Resistor
R11	1	2.2K to 10K audio-taper (logarithmic) volume control
R12	1	330K 1/4W Resistor
R13, R15, R16	3	1K 1/4W Resistor
R14	1	3.9 Ohm 1/4W Resistor
C1, C8	2	470uF/16V Electrolytic Capacitor
C2	1	4.7uF/16V Electrolytic Capacitor
C3, C4	3	0.047uF/50V Metalized plastic-film Capacitor
C5	1	0.1uF/50V Ceramic disc Capacitor
C6, C7	2	1000uF/16V Electrolytic Capacitor
U1 U2, U3 U4 U5	1 0 1 1	TL072 Low-noise, dual opamp Not used 741 opamp LM386 1/4W power amp
MIC	1	Two-wire Electret Microphone
J1	1	1/8" Stereo Headphones Jack
LED	1	Red/green 2-wire LED
Batt1, Batt2	2	9V Alkaline Battery
SW	1	2-pole, single throw Power Switch
Misc.	1	Stethoscope head or jar lid, Rubber Sleeve for microphone.